雅思阅读真题V130829

Reading Passage 1

Title:

How To Spot A Liar

Question types:

TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN; Multiple    Choice; Matching

文章内容回顾

关于如何辨别说谎
     以下原文与考试真题一样,题目也都一样.
   但是个别6~8题的选项发生了改变,只有第9题没有变

英文相关原文阅读

However much we may abhor it,    deception comes naturally to all living things. Birds do it by feigning    injury to lead hungry predators away from nesting young. Spider crabs do it    by disguise: adorning themselves with strips of kelp and other debris, they pretend to be something they are not--and so escape their enemies. Nature amply rewards successful deceivers by allowing them to survive long enough to mate and reproduce. So it may come as no surprise to learn that human beings--who, according to psychologist Gerald Jellison of the University of South California, are lied to about 200 times a day, roughly one untruth every five minutes--often deceive for exactly the same reasons: to save their own skins or to get something they can't get by other means.
     But knowing how to catch deceit can be just as important a survival skill as knowing how to tell a lie and get away with it. A person able to spot falsehood quickly is unlikely to be swindled by an unscrupulous business associate or hoodwinked by a devious spouse. Luckily, nature provides more than enough clues to trap dissemblers in their own tangled webs--if you know where to look. By closely observing facial expressions, body language and tone of voice, practically anyone can recognize the telltale signs of lying. Researchers are even programming computers--like those used on Lie Detector--to get at the truth by analyzing the same physical cues available to the naked eye and ear. "With the proper training, many people can learn to reliably detect lies," says Paul Ekman, professor of psychology at the University of California, San Francisco, who has spent the past 15 years studying the secret art of deception.
     In order to know what kind of lies work best, successful liars need to accurately assess other people's emotional states. Ekman's research shows that this same emotional intelligence is essential for good lie detectors, too. The emotional state to watch out for is stress, the conflict most liars feel between the truth and what they actually say and do.
     Even high-tech lie detectors don't detect lies as such; they merely detect the physical cues of emotions, which may or may not correspond to what the person being tested is saying. Polygraphs, for instance, measure respiration, heart rate and skin conductivity, which tend to increase when people are nervous--as they usually are when lying. Nervous people typically perspire, and the salts contained in perspiration conduct electricity. That's why a sudden leap in skin conductivity indicates nervousness--about getting caught, perhaps?--which might, in turn, suggest that someone is being economical with the truth. On the other hand, it might also mean that the lights in the television studio are too hot--which is one reason polygraph tests are inadmissible in court. "Good lie detectors don't rely on a single sign," Ekman says, "but interpret clusters of verbal and nonverbal clues that suggest someone might be lying."
     Those clues are written all over the face. Because the musculature of the face is directly connected to the areas of the brain that process emotion, the countenance can be a window to the soul. Neurological studies even suggest that genuine emotions travel different pathways through the brain than insincere ones. If a patient paralyzed by stroke on one side of the face, for example, is asked to smile deliberately, only the mobile side of the mouth is raised. But tell that same person a funny joke, and the patient breaks into a full and spontaneous smile. Very few people--most notably, actors and politicians--are able to consciously control all of their facial expressions. Lies can often be caught when the liar's true feelings briefly leak through the mask of deception. "We don't think before we feel," Ekman says. "Expressions tend to show up on the face before we're even conscious of experiencing an emotion."
     One of the most difficult facial expressions to fake--or conceal, if it is genuinely felt--is sadness. When someone is truly sad, the forehead wrinkles with grief and the inner corners of the eyebrows are pulled up. Fewer than 15% of the people Ekman tested were able to produce this eyebrow movement voluntarily. By contrast, the lowering of the eyebrows associated with an angry scowl can be replicated at will by almost everybody. "If someone claims they are sad and the inner corners of their eyebrows don't go up," Ekman says, "the sadness is probably false."
   The smile, on the other hand, is one of the easiest facial expressions to counterfeit. It takes just two muscles--the zygomaticus major muscles that extend from the cheekbones to the corners of the lips--to produce a grin. But there's a catch. A genuine smile affects not only the corners of the lips but also the orbicularis oculi, the muscle around the eye that produces the distinctive "crow's-feet" associated with people who laugh a lot. A counterfeit grin can be unmasked if the lip corners go up, the eyes crinkle but the inner corners of the eyebrows are not lowered, a movement controlled by the orbicularis oculi that is difficult to fake. The absence of lowered eyebrows is one reason why false smiles look so strained and stiff.

 参考答案

1~5 YES,YES ,NOT GIVEN , NO , YES
     6~9 Q6题目与考试一样,选项不一样,考试的选项答案是monitor.......
     Q7 many causes....
     Q8 real emotion
     Q9 D
   10~13 ABCA

题型难度分析

相对简单

题型技巧分析

是非无判断题是雅思考试阅读的经典题型首先应该注意看清是TRUE还是YES, 本篇是TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN
     解题步骤：
     1. 速读问题的句子，找出考点词（容易有问题的部分）。考点词：比较级，最高级，数据（时间），程度副词，特殊形容词，绝对化的词（only, most, each, any, every, the same as等）
     2. 排除考点词，在余下的词中找定位词，去原文定位。
     3. 重点考察考点词是否有提及，是否正确。
     TRUE的原则是同义替换，至少有一组近义词。
     FALSE是题目和原文截然相反，不可共存，通常有至少一组反义词。
   NOT GIVEN是原文未提及，不做任何推断，尤其多考察题目的主语等名词在原文中是否有提及。

剑桥雅思推荐原文练习

剑4 Test 1 Passage 1
   剑5 Test 3 Passage 1

Reading Passage 2

Title:

An Ancient City    - Tritis

Question types:

Matching; Sentence Completion;    Multiple Choices

文章内容回顾

古代的一个建筑，考古研究某遗址，对其城市发展建设、生活之类的发现说明。

英文相关原文阅读

Everybody knew about Lourdes Mary    Cave, we can find it in France. And    this Mary Cave became an inspiration to many    countries and cities. Likewise when we visited Jogja. We found some Mary Caves    too. One of them is Tritis     Cave. This cave touted    as The Most Exotic Mary Cave.
     Tritis Cave situated at Wonosari, southern of Jogja. Pricesly located at the hill    of Mountains Seribu, Dusun Bulu, Kabupaten Gunung Kidul, Wonosari. To reach    this place we take time about 1.5 hours or 50 kilometers from city center.    Looks far and take a long time, hmmm. I don't think so. Because we can see    beautiful landscape along the way. And we will not be bored.
     First, this cave named Tritis Singkil Cave.    This place known as ghostlike place because this cave is very quiet and far    from peoples routine. So, many people used this place for hermitage. And then a child found this cave and he try to tell the church pastor. By local peoples this place used to celebrate Christmas Mass for local Catholic. After that the terrible impression of this cave gradually disappeared. Now this cave famous as Tritis Cave and many Catholics came here to praying. Usually many of them came to this place at May or October because both of this month known as month of Mary.
     Not easy to arrive this cave. From parking area we need to take 2 kilometers for the distance by walking. Traversed by a winding road and the vehicle can not be skipped. On the way we'll find children or local people that give the direction so that we can reach the cave faster and safer. Before the visitor reach the cave usually they perform the cross road. There are 14 stations that must be passed first. Arriving at the Mount of Golgotha, we can see a situation similar to the original. There are three large cross where Jesus was crucified with Barnabas.
     Tritis word taken from Java language it's mean water droplets. The water droplets at the cave cames from cave ceiling. This cave still looks natural and decorated with stalactite and stalagmite that's why it looks exotic. Many people interpret the water droplets with God blessing that down to the visitor. And the water became the symbol of human life what human existence should be accepted. That is the spirit of simplicity of Tritis Cave.
   Besides that the visitors belief that the water can heal various diseases. So after praying they take the water to some bottles and bring it home. Futhermore this water became a special blessing for residents around. Because surrounding natural condition was barren and local people used it for daily necessities.

题型难度分析

Matching较难

题型技巧分析

Sentence Completion题型做题步骤：
     1. 审题，看清楚字数要求，一般是NO    MORE THAN TWO/THREE WORDS
     2. 读题目，划出定位词，特殊优先。
     3. 预测所填内容，比如所填内容为名词、动词，还是形容词，预测的越详细越好。
   4. 根据定位词去文章中找答案。

剑桥雅思推荐原文练习

剑3 Test 4 Passage 1

Reading Passage 3

Title:

Sunset for the Oil    Business

Question types:

TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN; Diagram;    Matching

文章内容回顾

石油方面不同人的不同观点，关于石油产业走上坡路还是下坡路。

英文相关原文阅读

The world is about to run out of oil.    Or perhaps not. It depends whom you believe…
     IF YOU think OPEC ministers are a    conspiratorial cabal, you ought to meet the Oil Depletion Analysis Centre    (ODAC). This colourful group is convinced that the world is perilously close    to an oil shock induced by scarcity, not politics. Several dozen of its members    got together recently in an auditorium at Imperial    College, London, for a peculiar planning session.
     Leading lights of this movement,    including Colin Campbell, a geologist and author of “The Coming Oil Crisis”,    presented technical data that supported their grim prognosis. Various experts    ridiculed rival analyses, done by America's Geological Survey and    the International Energy Agency (IEA), that contradicted their views. Dr    Campbell even decried the “amazing display of ignorance, deliberate    ignorance, denial and obfuscation” by governments, industry and academics on    this topic.
     So is the oil really running out? The    answer is easy: Yes. Nobody seriously disputes the notion that oil is, for    all practical purposes, a non-renewable resource that will run out some day,    be that years or decades away. The harder question is determining when    precisely oil will begin to get scarce. And answering that question involves    scaling Hubbert's peak.
     M. King Hubbert, a Shell geologist of    legendary status among depletion experts, forecast in 1956 that oil    production in the United      States would peak in the early 1970s and    then slowly decline, in something resembling a bell-shaped curve. At the    time, his forecast was controversial, and many rubbished it. After 1970, however, empirical evidence proved him correct: oil production in America did indeed peak and has been in decline ever since.
     Dr Hubbert's analysis drew on the observation that oil production in a new area typically rises quickly at first, as the easiest and cheapest reserves are tapped. Over time, reservoirs age and go into decline, and so lifting oil becomes more expensive. Oil from that area then becomes less competitive in relation to other fuels, or to oil from other areas. As a result, production slows down and usually tapers off and declines. That, he argued, made for a bell-shaped curve.
     His successful prediction has emboldened a new generation of geologists to apply his methodology on a global scale. Chief among them are the experts at ODAC, who worry that the global peak in production will come in the next decade. Dr Campbell used to argue that the peak should have come already; he now thinks it is just round the corner. A heavyweight has now joined this gloomy chorus. Kenneth Deffeyes of Princeton University argues in a lively new book (“The View from Hubbert's Peak”) that global oil production could peak as soon as 2004.
     A slippery slope
     That sharply contradicts mainstream thinking. America's Geological Survey prepared an exhaustive study of oil depletion last year (in part to rebut Dr Campbell's arguments) that put the peak of production some decades off. The IEA has just weighed in with its new “World Energy Outlook”, which foresees enough oil to comfortably meet demand to 2020 from remaining reserves. René Dahan, one of ExxonMobil's top managers, goes further: with an assurance characteristic of the world's largest energy company, he insists that the world will be awash in oil for another 70 years.
     Who is right? In making sense of these wildly opposing views, it is useful to look back at the pitiful history of oil forecasting. Doomsters have been predicting dry wells since the 1970s, but so far the oil is still gushing. Nearly all the predictions for 2000 made after the 1970s oil shocks were far too pessimistic. America's Department of Energy thought that oil would reach $150 a barrel (at 2000 prices);even Exxon predicted a price of $100.
     Michael Lynch of DRI-WEFA, an economic consultancy, is one of the few oil forecasters who has got things generally right. In a new paper, Dr Lynch analyses those historical forecasts. He finds evidence of both bias and recurring errors, which suggests that methodological mistakes (rather than just poor data) were the problem. In particular, he faults forecasters who used Hubbert-style analysis for relying on fixed estimates of how much “ultimately recoverable” oil there really is below ground, in the industry's jargon: that figure, he insists, is actually a dynamic one, as improvements in infrastructure, knowledge and technology raise the amount of oil which is recoverable.
     That points to what will probably determine whether the pessimists or the optimists are right: technological innovation. The first camp tends to be dismissive of claims of forthcoming technological revolutions in such areas as deep-water drilling and enhanced recovery. Dr Deffeyes captures this end-of-technology mindset well. He argues that because the industry has already spent billions on technology development, it makes it difficult to ask today for new technology, as most of the wheels have already been invented.
     Yet techno-optimists argue that the technological revolution in oil has only just begun. Average recovery rates (how much of the known oil in a reservoir can actually be brought to the surface) are still only around 30-35%. Industry optimists believe that new techniques on the drawing board today could lift that figure to 50-60% within a decade.
   Given the industry's astonishing track record of innovation, it may be foolish to bet against it. That is the result of adversity: the nationalisations of the 1970s forced Big Oil to develop reserves in expensive, inaccessible places such as the North Sea and Alaska, undermining Dr Hubbert's assumption that cheap reserves are developed first. The resulting upstream investments have driven down the cost of finding and developing wells over the last two decades from over $20 a barrel to around $6 a barrel. The cost of producing oil has fallen by half, to under $4 a barrel.Such miracles will not come cheap, however, since much of the world's oil is now produced in ageing fields that are rapidly declining. The IEA concludes that global oil production need not peak in the next two decades if the necessary investments are made. So how much is necessary? If oil companies are to replace the output lost at those ageing fields and meet the world's ever-rising demand for oil, the agency reckons they must invest $1 trillion in non-OPEC countries over the next decade alone. Ouch.

 参考答案

答案:
     27~31. YES, NOT GIVEN , YES , NOT    GIVEN , YES
     32~35. Wrong,new,expensive,competitive该图形题符合出题规律，答案都集中在一段内
   36~40. E,D,B,A,C

题型难度分析

配对题较难

题型技巧分析

Matching题分为了一方是特殊定位词的配对，分类题，段落配标题，段落细节信息定位。一方是特殊定位词的配对主要有人名配观点，时间配事件，地点配事件。这种题目在做的时候要注意以下几点：
     1. 审题，读Instruction。一般来说，都会有You    may use any letter more than once. 遇到这个大写的一行字时，提醒考生一般本题中肯定会有一个字母用两次，而且只有一个字母会重复。
     2. 迅速浏览人名。在文章中圈出人名。 3. 通读配对另一方，划出关键词。
     在文章中圈出的人名旁找相应信息与关键词进行匹配。
   一方不是特殊定位词时，需要将配对双方都要通读，并划出核心词汇，以名词为主。同时这类型题要放在本篇文章的最后做。

剑桥雅思推荐原文练习

剑4 Test 3 Passage 1